Your trailer is going to get dunked in the briney anyway, so keeping rust at bay is a full time job. Unless there's excessive movement at that stub axle, then rebuild the bearing and check periodically.
The actual stub part where the bearing sits looks rough. Would expect to see a little sheen on this part. At the end of the stub axle, is that damaged?
Depending on the make of the trailer, check out a complete axle replacement cost and weigh it up from there.
Loving your tiled garage floor by the way. I can only dream of such a set up. I need to remove a lawnmower, 4 bikes, a mountain of tool boxes, used oil drum and trolley jacks just to see my boat.