Well try HD foam, Corecell is one of the big brands.
The issue you have it it has to be laid up and put under vacuum for the hardening process as all voids need be be eliminated. Which in turn means using epoxy based resin systems as they have a longer working life as you can use slow hardener and you need all the consumables that go along with the vacuum bagging process. It’s more expensive...
I understand you are replacing a transom on an already built boat, the main issue here is that the surface you are looking to bond the new panel onto, the pre made transom, is not going to be straight and true and the panel you would apply should be made on a vacuum table which will be straight and true so you will require a good amount of glue film to fill any voids and this will be heavy.
If you know where the cut outs are in your transom you could use ply and have inserts when the cut outs are. They could be foam for elephant trucks and solid glass plate for engine mounts.. it’s labour intensive but you will get a satisfactory end job.
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